Applied Fizzics Research Notes

Applied Fizzics Research Notes (AFRN) are living technical investigations into the physics of carbonation, bubbles, pressure, fluid dynamics, and related phenomena. Unlike the Applied Fizzics Field Notes—which present polished explanations for a general audience—Research Notes document the scientific process itself.

These documents are intentionally evolutionary. As new experiments are performed, models are refined, or new questions arise, individual Research Notes may be revised and expanded. Revision history will be maintained, allowing readers to follow the evolution of each investigation over time.

Field Notes explain what we've learned.
Research Notes show us learning.

Research Notes

Jul 15, 2026

AFRN #1 - Bubble-Mediated and Diffusive CO₂ Loss in Champagne

References in the literature can be found suggesting that 80% of the CO2 loss in a flute of Champagne is due to molecular diffusion at the liquid-air interface, and only 20% is lost due to visible bubbles. In this Applied Fizzics Research Note, we examine this proposition in detail.